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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas-An update 2021.

Werner Kempf1,2, Christina Mitteldorf3

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|June 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are the most common primary skin lymphomas. Diagnosis requires clinical-pathological correlation, and treatment is stage-adapted, with novel targeted therapies emerging for advanced disease.

Keywords:
T-cellclassificationcutaneousdermatopathologydiagnosislymphomaskintherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are the predominant primary cutaneous lymphomas.
  • Mycosis fungoides and CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders constitute 80% of CTCL.
  • Overlapping histological features necessitate clinical-pathological correlation for accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies for CTCL.
  • To highlight the role of biomarkers in diagnosis and targeted therapy selection.
  • To discuss emerging entities and aggressive forms of CTCL.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and classifications (WHO 2017, WHO-EORTC 2018).
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including histology and immunophenotyping.
  • Examination of treatment modalities from early-stage to advanced disease.

Main Results:

  • Mycosis fungoides evolves through patches, plaques, and tumors.
  • Stage-adapted therapies range from skin-directed treatments to systemic and targeted therapies.
  • Novel agents like mogamulizumab and brentuximab vedotin are utilized.
  • New entities like primary cutaneous CD8+ acral T-cell lymphoma are recognized.
  • Aggressive CTCL subtypes require intensive chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of CTCL relies on integrated clinical, histological, and phenotypic assessment.
  • Therapeutic approaches are tailored to disease stage and specific lymphoma subtypes.
  • Biomarkers are critical for diagnosis and guiding targeted treatment strategies.
  • Advances in classification and treatment offer improved management for CTCL patients.