[Recommendations on organization, design, characteristics and operation of neonatology services]

Neonatal care has undergone important advances involving the technology for treatment and mo nitoring, the design of care spaces, the incorporation of support professionals, and, especially, the strengthening of an organizational model in networks with centers of different levels of care. Neona tal units should be located in centers with maternity services and, ideally, with pediatric ones of an equivalent level of care. This document defines the admission and transfer criteria according to the level of care and among the different levels, respectively. The evidence recommends an individual room design due to the associated benefits such as decreased occurrence and better control of health care-associated infections, improved breastfeeding, and better interaction with parents. The sugges ted room sizes favor the implementation of the family-centered care model. These recommendations establish the possibility of performing emergency surgical procedures in the neonatal unit and define the safety criteria of the physical plant. In addition, they define the human resources according to the level of care, recognizing the time dedicated to non-direct patient care activities, , and the re quirements of non-medical professionals such as psychologists, physical and respiratory therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, pharmacists, dietitians, and social workers. Neonatal care should be led by the neonatologist allowing the participation of general pediatricians with training and demonstrated experience in neonatal care. Midwives and neonatal nurses should have accredited formation in such area. The purpose of this document is to update the "Recommendations on the Organization, Characteristics and Operation of Neonatology Services or Units" to serve as an orien tation and guide for the design and management of neonatal care in public and private health care centers in the country.