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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

How to Study Placebo Responses in Motion Sickness with a Rotation Chair Paradigm in Healthy Participants
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Meaning and Affect in the Placebo Effect.

Daniele Chiffi1, Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen2,3, Alessandro Grecucci4

  • 1Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.

The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
|June 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces the "affective-meaning-making" model, integrating emotions and meaning to explain the placebo effect. It addresses limitations in current theories by grounding the placebo effect in objective meaning structures and emotion regulation.

Keywords:
Peirceaffectemotion regulationmeaningmedical epistemologyplacebo effect

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Science

Background:

  • Current
  • meaning view
  • placebo effect
  • theories lack clarity on meaning and emotion.
  • Fail to connect theoretical, physiological, and psychological aspects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce and defend the
  • affective-meaning-making
  • model of the placebo effect.
  • Address limitations in existing placebo effect theories.
  • Integrate emotion regulation and appraisal theory.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical reflection on placebo effect.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes.
  • Review of neurophysiological findings.
  • Application of Peirce's theory of meaning.
  • Integration with appraisal theory and emotion regulation.

Main Results:

  • The
  • affective-meaning-making
  • model provides an integrated framework for the placebo effect.
  • Peirce's theory of meaning offers objective structures for meaning constitution.
  • The model connects theoretical, physiological, and psychological aspects.

Conclusions:

  • The
  • affective-meaning-making
  • model offers a comprehensive explanation for the placebo effect.
  • Integrating meaning, affect, and emotion regulation enhances understanding.
  • This model provides a foundation for future research and clinical applications.