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Integrated signaling system under endoplasmic reticulum stress in eukaryotic microorganisms
Ting Cao1, Binfeng Peng1, Xiangping Zhou1
1Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
|June 9, 2021
Summary
Cells utilize an integrated signaling system to manage endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, involving ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and autophagy, to restore homeostasis and prevent cell death.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is vital for protein folding and assembly.
- Dysfunctional ER leads to ER stress, characterized by misfolded protein accumulation and toxicity.
- ER stress triggers adaptive responses like the unfolded protein response (UPR).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review cellular mechanisms for coping with ER stress.
- To highlight the integrated signaling system that restores ER homeostasis.
- To discuss the consequences of imbalanced ER function.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of cellular responses to ER stress.
- Analysis of key signaling pathways involved in ER homeostasis.
- Discussion of integrated cellular defense systems.
Main Results:
- ER stress encompasses ER overload response (EOR), sterol-regulated cascade, and UPR.
- Cells employ an integrated system including ER-associated degradation (ERAD), autophagy, hypoxia signaling, and mitochondrial biogenesis to combat ER stress.
- Failure to restore ER homeostasis can result in apoptosis and disease.
Conclusions:
- Cells possess a sophisticated integrated signaling network to manage ER stress.
- Restoring ER homeostasis is crucial for cell survival and function.
- Dysregulation of these pathways contributes to various pathologies.
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