Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

68
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
68
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

70
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
70
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

55
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
55
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

49
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
49
International Nursing Organizations II01:28

International Nursing Organizations II

1.1K
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rest-activity rhythmicity as digital biomarkers of postoperative recovery and complications in children.

Digital health·2026
Same author

A report from the Second Tanzania Liver Cancer Conference (TLCC) 2025 - leading the fight against liver cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Ecancermedicalscience·2026
Same author

Leading the fight against liver cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: developing the first multidisciplinary liver tumour board in Tanzania.

Ecancermedicalscience·2026
Same author

Comparative Analysis of Surgical Outcomes Between Open Herniotomy and Laparoscopic Hernia Repair Among Pediatric Patients with Inguinal Hernias: A Five-Year Retrospective Review at Tanzania's National Hospital.

The East African health research journal·2025
Same author

Biorhythms derived from consumer wearables predict postoperative complications in children.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Creating a sustainable and inexpensive dry animal training model for liver surgery in low- and middle-income countries.

Ecancermedicalscience·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators
09:51

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators

Published on: March 21, 2018

20.0K

A critical threshold for global pediatric surgical workforce density.

Megan E Bouchard1, Yao Tian2, Jeanine Justiniano3

  • 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. mbouchard@luriechildrens.org.

Pediatric Surgery International
|June 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric surgical workforce density (PSWD) significantly impacts child survival rates globally. Improving PSWD above 0.37 per 100,000 children is crucial for reducing pediatric mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Keywords:
Childhood mortalityNational surgical planningPediatric surgeryWorkforce density

More Related Videos

Laryngeal Mask Airway LMA Placement in a Neonatal Patient Simulator Using a Non-Inflatable Supraglottic Airway SGA
04:56

Laryngeal Mask Airway LMA Placement in a Neonatal Patient Simulator Using a Non-Inflatable Supraglottic Airway SGA

Published on: July 14, 2023

3.7K
Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
09:47

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery

Published on: June 2, 2022

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators
09:51

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators

Published on: March 21, 2018

20.0K
Laryngeal Mask Airway LMA Placement in a Neonatal Patient Simulator Using a Non-Inflatable Supraglottic Airway SGA
04:56

Laryngeal Mask Airway LMA Placement in a Neonatal Patient Simulator Using a Non-Inflatable Supraglottic Airway SGA

Published on: July 14, 2023

3.7K
Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
09:47

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery

Published on: June 2, 2022

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Health Workforce Analysis

Background:

  • 1.7 billion children worldwide lack access to essential surgical care.
  • Pediatric surgical workforce density (PSWD) is a key indicator of surgical access.
  • Existing data suggests PSWD correlates with survival for complex pediatric surgical cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between PSWD and population-level pediatric mortality rates.
  • To identify the PSWD threshold associated with improved child survival outcomes.
  • To assess the adequacy of current PSWD in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) relative to child mortality goals.

Main Methods:

  • Identified pediatric surgeons in 26 countries (2015-2019) using medical licensing registries.
  • Calculated country-specific PSWD as pediatric surgeons per 100,000 children.
  • Assessed correlations between PSWD and neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality rates using statistical models.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed data from 420 million children across LIC, L-MIC, UMIC, and HIC countries.
  • Median PSWD varied significantly by income: 0.03 (LIC), 0.12 (L-MIC), 1.34 (UMIC), and 2.13 (HIC).
  • Strong correlations found between PSWD and reduced mortality rates (neonatal: 0.78, infant: 0.82, under-5: 0.83).
  • Child survival rates improved with increasing PSWD, showing a significant threshold at 0.37.

Conclusions:

  • PSWD is a significant determinant of pediatric population mortality.
  • A PSWD exceeding 0.37 per 100,000 children is associated with substantially improved survival.
  • Current PSWD in LMICs is insufficient to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for child mortality.