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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
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Physical Function and Frailty in HIV.

Kristine M Erlandson1

  • 1University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

Topics in Antiviral Medicine
|June 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Aging impacts physical function, especially in individuals with HIV. Early interventions focusing on physical activity can improve healthspan and lifespan, with pharmaceutical options needing further research.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Infectious Diseases
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • HIV/AIDS Research

Background:

  • Aging is linked to decreased physical function, increasing vulnerability and frailty.
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can exacerbate age-related physical declines.
  • Functional limitations and frailty are critical indicators in clinical decision-making and trial endpoints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key findings on aging, physical function, and HIV from an IAS-USA webinar.
  • To highlight the importance of addressing early physical impairments in midlife.
  • To discuss current and future interventions for maintaining physical function in people with HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Summary of an International Antiviral Society-USA (IAS-USA) webinar presentation.

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  • Review of factors influencing physical function decline in aging populations, with a focus on HIV.
  • Discussion of clinical implications and research needs.

    • Main Results:

    • Physical activity is a safe and effective intervention for improving physical function in individuals with HIV.
    • Early interventions targeting midlife impairments are crucial before frailty or disability occur.
    • Pharmaceutical options show promise but require further investigation into safety and long-term efficacy.

    Conclusions:

    • Physical activity counseling should be integrated into routine HIV care to enhance lifespan and healthspan.
    • Addressing age-related physical function decline in people with HIV is essential for comprehensive care.
    • Continued research is necessary for optimizing pharmaceutical interventions in this population.