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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
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Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
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Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

503
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
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Circulating inflammatory markers impact cognitive functions in bipolar depression.

Sara Poletti1, Mario Gennaio Mazza1, Federico Calesella1

  • 1Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.

Journal of Psychiatric Research
|June 9, 2021
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Cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder (BD) is linked to immune dysfunction. Elevated inflammatory markers, particularly chemokines, are associated with poorer cognitive performance in patients with BD.

Keywords:
ChemokinesCognitive functionsDepressionInflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment affects a significant portion of bipolar disorder (BD) patients.
  • Evidence suggests a link between cognitive deficits in BD and immune system dysfunction.
  • Chronic, low-grade inflammation, indicated by elevated cytokines, may contribute to cognitive issues in BD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between immune/inflammatory markers, specifically chemokines, and cognitive performance in bipolar disorder.
  • To explore the role of inflammatory markers in the neurocognitive deficits observed in BD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Neuropsychological evaluation using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia.
  • Plasma blood levels of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors analyzed using Luminex technology.
  • Study included 76 consecutively admitted inpatients with a depressive episode of bipolar disorder.

Main Results:

  • Higher levels of Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL10, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were associated with poor cognitive performance.
  • Specific chemokines showed a significant association with cognitive deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Chemokines play a crucial role in bipolar disorder.
  • Inflammatory markers indicative of a low-grade inflammatory state may contribute to neurocognitive deficits in depressed bipolar disorder patients.