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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

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Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
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Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
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Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
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Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
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[CME Sonography 99: Kidney Echo Changes].

Jan Tuma1

  • 1Ultrasound Learning Center (ULC) der European Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB), Klinik Hirslanden, Zürich.

Praxis
|June 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultrasound reveals that changes in kidney echogenicity, measured digitally, can indicate diffuse renal parenchyma diseases. Abnormal echogenicity ratios compared to the liver and spleen suggest kidney abnormalities.

Keywords:
Echoreiche NierenrindeGlomerulonephritisHyperechoic renal cortexacute interstitial nephritisakute interstitielle Nephritisechoreiche Markpyramidenglomerulonephritishyperechoic medullary pyramidsmedullary nephrocalcinosismedulläre Nephrokalzinose

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Nephrology
  • Diagnostic Ultrasound

Background:

  • Normal kidney ultrasound characteristics include specific dimensions, parenchyma width, and echogenicity relative to the liver and spleen.
  • Echogenicity is measured digitally on a scale of 0-255, with normal ratios established for liver/renal cortex, spleen/renal cortex, and renal cortex/medulla.
  • Diffuse renal parenchyma diseases can alter these normal echogenicity patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define normal kidney echogenicity parameters using digital ultrasound.
  • To identify how diffuse renal parenchyma diseases affect kidney echogenicity.
  • To establish echogenicity ratios for diagnosing renal abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized digital ultrasound imaging to measure renal echogenicity.
  • Calculated echogenicity quotients between the renal cortex, medulla, liver, and spleen.
  • Compared measurements in normal kidneys to those with suspected diffuse renal parenchyma diseases.

Main Results:

  • Normal kidneys exhibit a smooth contour, specific size ranges (length 9-12 cm, volume 90-180 ml/1.73 m2), and parenchyma width (13-18 mm).
  • Normal echogenicity quotients are: liver/renal cortex (1.0-1.4), spleen/renal cortex (>1.0), and renal cortex/medulla (>1.0).
  • Diffuse renal diseases present with increased cortical echogenicity (ratio to liver/spleen <1.0) or hyperechoic medulla (cortex/medulla ratio <1.0).

Conclusions:

  • Digital ultrasound provides quantitative assessment of kidney echogenicity.
  • Altered echogenicity ratios are indicative of diffuse renal parenchyma diseases.
  • Ultrasound-based echogenicity measurement is a valuable tool in diagnosing kidney conditions.