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Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

266
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development

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During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
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The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

218
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood01:25

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood

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Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of Knowledge
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Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

339
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
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Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA

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Emerging neurodevelopmental perspectives on mathematical learning.

Vinod Menon1,2,3,4, Hyesang Chang1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

Developmental Review : DR
|June 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early math skills are crucial for STEM success and daily life, developing through specialized brain networks. Understanding these neurodevelopmental pathways helps explain learning differences.

Keywords:
Brain plasticityCognitive developmentFunctional brain circuitsIndividual differencesMathematical learningNeurocognitive systems

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Foundational mathematical skills are essential for STEM fields and everyday quantitative reasoning.
  • Mathematical skill acquisition involves the progressive specialization of functional brain networks throughout development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize neurodevelopmental pathways of mathematical learning from a systems neuroscience perspective.
  • To highlight the brain architecture supporting mathematical cognition and factors contributing to learning heterogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • Systems neuroscience approach reviewing existing literature.
  • Identification of core neural substrates for numerical cognition.
  • Examination of memory and cognitive control systems scaffolding math skills.

Main Results:

  • Core numerical cognition relies on posterior parietal and ventral temporal-occipital cortices.
  • Memory and cognitive control systems (medial temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex) support math skill development.
  • Interactive specialization of functional circuits impacts math learning across developmental stages.

Conclusions:

  • Neurodevelopmental processes dynamically shape mathematical learning and broader cognitive development.
  • Individual differences in cognitive, affective, motivational, and sociocultural factors contribute to heterogeneity in math learning.
  • Understanding brain integrity and plasticity is key to addressing learning variations.