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Single Polylactic Acid Nanowire for Highly Sensitive and Multifunctional Optical Biosensing.

Weina Zhang1, Pu Liu1, Guowei Yang1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Polylactic acid nanowires offer a novel, biodegradable solution for highly sensitive biosensing. These biocompatible nanowires enable ultralow detection limits for biological molecules and real-time monitoring of cellular processes.

Keywords:
biosensorcell apoptosiscytochrome cnanowirepolylactic acid

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optical Biosensing

Background:

  • Existing nanowire biosensors use non-degradable materials unsuitable for long-term biological applications.
  • Biofriendly alternatives often lack the required sensitivity for detecting subtle biological changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel, biocompatible, and biodegradable nanowires for high-sensitivity optical biosensing.
  • To demonstrate the application of these nanowires in detecting ultralow concentrations of biomarkers and monitoring cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of polylactic acid (PLA) nanowires using a direct drawing method.
  • Utilizing the evanescent wave and surface carboxyl groups for enhanced sensitivity.
  • Doping PLA nanowires with quantum dots for additional sensing capabilities (e.g., pH).

Main Results:

  • Achieved an ultralow limit of detection (1.38 × 10⁻¹⁷ M) for cytochrome c, significantly surpassing metal/semiconductor nanosensors.
  • Enabled label-free, real-time monitoring of cell apoptosis.
  • Demonstrated pH sensing capabilities in functionalized PLA nanowires.

Conclusions:

  • PLA nanowires represent a promising, multifunctional platform for advanced biosensing and biodetection.
  • This innovation has the potential to significantly advance the field of photomedicine.