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Khat and neurobehavioral functions: A systematic review.

Ayan Ahmed1, Manuel J Ruiz2, Kathrin Cohen Kadosh1

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Long-term khat use is linked to significant neurobehavioral impairments, affecting cognitive functions like memory and motor skills. Further research is needed to fully understand these health consequences.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Khat (Catha edulis) is widely used for its stimulant properties in Eastern Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Middle East.
  • Despite its popularity, research on khat's neurobehavioral effects remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on the neurobehavioral impairment associated with khat use.
  • To identify cognitive domains affected by khat consumption.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of multiple databases (MedLine, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science) and grey literature was performed.
  • Search terms included 'khat' and various cognitive domains.
  • Studies published up to December 2020 were included.

Main Results:

  • Fourteen studies (9 human, 5 rodent) met the inclusion criteria.
  • Human studies indicate long-term khat use impairs learning, motor speed, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and conflict resolution.
  • Rodent studies show dose-related behavioral impairments, including hyperactivity and deficits in learning and memory.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term khat consumption may lead to neurobehavioral functional impairment.
  • Gaps in the literature highlight the need for future research to elucidate the full health consequences of khat use.