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TAKing on cancer.

Nora J Foegeding1, Mariana X Byndloss2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.

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Summary

Gut microbes protect against colitis and colon cancer by boosting immune responses. A single bacterium, Odoribacter splanchnicus, demonstrated the ability to provide protective immunity against cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health and disease.
  • Dysbiosis is linked to inflammatory bowel diseases like colitis and colorectal cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how gut microbiota influence resistance to colitis and colon cancer.
  • To identify specific microbial mechanisms and bacterial strains involved in cancer protection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gut microbiota composition and function.
  • In vivo models of colitis and colon cancer.
  • Immune cell profiling, including T helper 17 (Th17) cells.
  • Cytokine analysis (IL-6, IL-1β).

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiota confer resistance to colitis and colon cancer.
  • This protection is mediated by the stimulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production.
  • Expansion of Th17 cells was observed as a key immune response.
  • The bacterial strain *Odoribacter splanchnicus* alone was sufficient to confer protective immunity against cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota are essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and preventing cancer.
  • Specific microbial metabolites and immune signaling pathways, such as IL-6/IL-1β and Th17 cells, are critical for this protection.
  • Targeting specific gut bacteria, like *Odoribacter splanchnicus*, may offer novel therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.