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Related Concept Videos

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Somatosensory Event-related Potentials from Orofacial Skin Stretch Stimulation
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Heartbeat and somatosensory perception.

Esra Al1, Fivos Iliopoulos2, Vadim V Nikulin3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; MindBrainBody Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.

Neuroimage
|June 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Internal bodily signals, like heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEP), significantly influence how we perceive touch. This study confirms HEPs impact somatosensory perception and attention, linking them to interoception.

Keywords:
ElectrophysiologyInteroceptionPerceptual awarenessSomatosensory processing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychophysics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Internal bodily signals, such as heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEP), modulate external sensory perception.
  • Previous research indicated cardiac cycle timing and HEP amplitudes affect somatosensory perception and neural processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate and extend previous findings on the influence of cardiac cycle and HEPs on somatosensory perception.
  • To investigate the neural sources of HEP fluctuations related to perception and attention.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) study with a modified temporal discrimination task involving weak electrical finger stimulation.
  • Analysis of cardiac phase, heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) amplitudes, and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs).
  • Source localization analysis to identify brain regions associated with HEP fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • Replication of cardiac cycle and prestimulus HEP effects on somatosensory detection and evoked potentials.
  • Conscious perception correlated with HEP fluctuations in parietal and posterior cingulate regions, associated with interoception.
  • HEP amplitudes decreased during somatosensory task engagement compared to rest.

Conclusions:

  • Heartbeat-evoked potentials serve as a neural marker for interoceptive attention.
  • Findings provide neural evidence for the role of interoception in modulating sensory perception and attention.