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Does environmental science crowd out non-epistemic values?

Kinley Gillette1, S Andrew Inkpen2, C Tyler DesRoches3

  • 1Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia, 1866 Main Mall, Buchanan E370, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1.

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
|June 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-epistemic values like social and ethical considerations are increasingly accepted in environmental science. This study examines how these values can be integrated without necessarily displacing others, offering lessons for value-flexibility and transparency.

Keywords:
Environmental scienceNon-epistemic valuesPhilosophy of interdisciplinary sciencePhilosophy of science

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Philosophy of Science

Background:

  • The role of non-epistemic values (social, ethical, political) in science is a recent focus of philosophical debate.
  • Environmental sciences are inherently interdisciplinary, problem-oriented, and policy-directed, with pervasive non-epistemic values.
  • A common concern is that environmental science practices may 'crowd out' or displace certain non-epistemic values.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how environmental science incorporates non-epistemic values.
  • To address the concern that scientific practices might displace or obscure non-epistemic values.
  • To derive lessons for successful environmental science from case studies of value integration.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the philosophical debate on epistemic and non-epistemic values in science.
  • In-depth examination of three case studies within environmental science: monetizing nature, nature-society dualism, and ecosystem health.
  • Evaluation of criticisms regarding the displacement of non-epistemic values in these case studies.

Main Results:

  • The 'crowding out' of non-epistemic values is an active debate within environmental science, not an inherent flaw.
  • Crowding out is neither necessary nor always detrimental when it occurs.
  • Case studies reveal that objections to environmental science practices offer valuable insights into what constitutes successful science.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental science practices can accommodate a plurality of non-epistemic values (value-flexibility).
  • Transparency in value-based decision-making is crucial for successful environmental science.
  • The findings support a pragmatic approach to integrating diverse non-epistemic values in environmental science.