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Related Concept Videos

DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
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DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis02:35

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Agarose gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique commonly used to separate DNA fragments by size. However, it can also be used to isolate and purify DNA fragments using a gel extraction protocol.
Gel extraction follows five major steps: running gel electrophoresis to separate fragments, isolating the individual bands, extracting DNA from those bands, and removing the dye and salts from the extracted mixture to obtain pure DNA.
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Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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DNA Helicases00:55

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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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Promiscuous molecules for smarter file operations in DNA-based data storage.

Kyle J Tomek1, Kevin Volkel2, Elaine W Indermaur1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.

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|June 11, 2021
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DNA data storage offers density and longevity. This study uses temperature and concentration changes to access full or low-resolution file previews, demonstrating practical data organization for DNA storage systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomolecular data storage
  • Information science
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • DNA offers high density, longevity, and energy efficiency for data storage.
  • Its unique structure necessitates novel methods for data organization and access.
  • Current DNA data storage lacks practical file management functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement data access and organizational features in DNA storage using thermodynamic tuning.
  • To demonstrate switchable access to full or low-resolution data subsets.
  • To explore the economic benefits of organized DNA data storage.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging thermodynamic tuning of biomolecular interactions.
  • Screening DNA concentrations and temperatures for selective data retrieval.
  • Implementing a strategy to access full image files or low-resolution previews.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated switchable access to DNA-stored data.
  • Achieved retrieval of full image files and their low-resolution File Preview versions.
  • Showcased the strategy with four JPEG images from a GB-sized database.

Conclusions:

  • Thermodynamic tuning provides a practical method for organizing and accessing data in DNA storage.
  • File Preview functionality offers substantial economic benefits for large DNA databases.
  • This generalizable strategy enhances the utility of DNA as a data storage medium.