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Related Concept Videos

Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

Administering Oxygen by Mask

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Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
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Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
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Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

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The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

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The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
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Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection01:30

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

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Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
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Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration01:26

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration

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Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Determining Viral Disinfection Efficacy of Hot Water Laundering
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Efficient facemask decontamination via forced ozone convection.

Joseph Schwan1, Troy R Alva2, Giorgio Nava1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.

Scientific Reports
|June 11, 2021
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Summary

A novel plasma-based decontamination method rapidly sterilizes Facepiece Respirators (FPRs) using ozone flow-through. This affordable, portable system maintains mask integrity and filtration efficiency, addressing shortages and waste.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma science
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • COVID-19 crisis led to critical shortages of Facepiece Respirators (FPRs) for healthcare workers.
  • Disposable FPRs generate significant non-biodegradable waste, posing environmental challenges.
  • Existing sterilization methods may be time-consuming or require specialized equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient and accessible plasma-based decontamination technique for FPRs.
  • To address both the shortage of FPRs and the environmental impact of disposable masks.
  • To create a portable and affordable sterilization prototype.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) system to generate ozone.
  • Implemented a novel flow-through configuration, passing ozone through FPR fibers.
  • Tested decontamination efficacy using Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV).
  • Evaluated mask structural integrity and filtration efficiency post-sterilization.

Main Results:

  • Achieved rapid decontamination of surgical masks compared to canonical ozone methods.
  • Demonstrated no significant deterioration in mask structure or filtration efficiency.
  • Developed a portable and affordable prototype using readily available components.
  • Showcased effectiveness comparable to larger, more expensive sterilization equipment.

Conclusions:

  • The plasma-based flow-through ozone decontamination is a viable method for FPRs.
  • This technique effectively addresses FPR shortages and reduces medical waste.
  • The developed system offers a practical, cost-effective solution for healthcare settings.