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Dietary phytochemical index and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Iranian children: a case control study

Zahra Darabi1, Abbas Ali Sangouni1, Mina Darand2

  • 1Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|June 11, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Higher intake of phytochemicals, measured by the Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI), is linked to a reduced risk of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Pediatric Health
  • Behavioral Disorders

Background:

  • Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent behavioral disorder in children.
  • Previous research suggests a potential inverse relationship between phytochemical-rich diets and ADHD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) and the odds of ADHD in children.
  • To determine if higher consumption of phytochemicals correlates with a lower risk of ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 360 children and adolescents aged 7-13 years in Yazd, Iran.
  • ADHD diagnosis based on DSM-IV-TR criteria; dietary intake assessed via food frequency questionnaires.
  • Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) calculated as the percentage of daily energy intake from phytochemical-rich foods; logistic regression used for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Children in the highest DPI quartile exhibited higher intake of essential nutrients and fatty acids.
  • After adjusting for confounders, the highest DPI quartile was associated with a significantly lower risk of ADHD (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.18-0.90).
  • A significant decreasing trend in ADHD odds was observed with increasing DPI quartiles (P for trend: 0.02).

Conclusions:

  • A higher Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) score is associated with a reduced risk of ADHD in children.
  • The findings suggest a protective role of phytochemical-rich diets against ADHD.
  • Further cohort and clinical studies are recommended to validate these results.
Abstract

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