Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 2, 2025
08:41
Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
Published on: November 5, 2021
3.0K
Viral Nephropathies, Adding SARS-CoV-2 to the List
Sheena Pramod1, Murad Kheetan1, Iheanyichukwu Ogu1
1Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C Edwards Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA.
Summary
Viral infections can harm kidneys through direct damage or immune responses. This review uses past pandemic insights to predict kidney disease after COVID-19.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Viral infections are known causes of acute and chronic kidney disease in immunocompetent hosts.
- Viruses employ sophisticated mechanisms to evade host immune responses and subvert cellular signaling pathways.
- Understanding viral pathogenesis is crucial for managing renal manifestations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms of viral-induced kidney disease from past pandemics.
- To apply this knowledge to predict and understand potential post-COVID-19 kidney disease.
- To highlight the interplay between viral strategies and host counter-mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of viral pandemics and associated renal manifestations.
- Analysis of viral mechanisms in kidney cell damage and immune response modulation.
- Synthesis of knowledge to inform predictions about COVID-19's impact on kidney health.
Main Results:
- Viruses directly damage kidney cells or trigger systemic immune responses affecting renal function.
- Viral evasion strategies involve hijacking host cell signaling pathways.
- COVID-19 has been associated with numerous cases of acute kidney injury with diverse proposed mechanisms.
Conclusions:
- Lessons from previous viral pandemics offer valuable insights into predicting post-COVID-19 kidney disease.
- A comprehensive understanding of viral pathogenesis is essential for clinical management and future preparedness.
- The host-virus interaction in the kidney is a dynamic process involving co-evolved survival strategies.
Related Concept Videos
01:03Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
5.7K
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
5.7K
01:05Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
17.1K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
17.1K
01:29Subviral Agents
260
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
260
01:29Viruses with RNA Genomes
283
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
283
01:24Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
228
Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
228
00:36Viral Mutations
36.4K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
36.4K