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Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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The Pineal Gland01:02

The Pineal Gland

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The pineal gland, a diminutive endocrine structure named for its pinecone-shaped appearance, is situated atop the third ventricle within the diencephalon region of the forebrain. This gland, composed of secretory cells known as pinealocytes arranged in compact cords and clusters around dense particles of calcium salts, plays a pivotal role in hormonal regulation.
The primary secretion of the pineal gland is the hormone melatonin, derived from serotonin. The concentration of melatonin in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

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Pituitary adenoma…nomen omen?

Andrea Giustina1

  • 1Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS Hospital, Milano, Italy. giustina.andrea@hsr.it.

Endocrine
|June 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Pituitary Society recommends retaining the term "pituitary adenoma" over the proposed "pituitary neuroendocrine tumor" (PitNET) nomenclature. Further multidisciplinary collaboration is needed to define aggressive pituitary adenomas.

Keywords:
AcromegalyCushing diseaseNeuroendocrine tumorPituitary adenomaPituitary pathologyProlactinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The International Pituitary Pathology Club proposed renaming pituitary adenomas as pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) in 2017.
  • Lack of consensus led the Pituitary Society to convene the Pituitary Neoplasm Nomenclature (PANOMEN) workshop.
  • Multiple societies participated, contributing expert representatives to the panel.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comment on the outcomes of the PANOMEN workshop.
  • To discuss the proposed PitNET nomenclature versus the established term "pituitary adenoma".

Main Methods:

  • An international multidisciplinary virtual workshop (PANOMEN) was organized.
  • Expert representatives from various societies participated in the panel.
  • The workshop discussed and evaluated the proposed nomenclature changes.

Main Results:

  • The main conclusion was that there is insufficient evidence to adopt the PitNET nomenclature.
  • The primary recommendation from the workshop was to retain the term "pituitary adenoma".

Conclusions:

  • A definitive classification of pituitary adenomas requires integrating pathological, neuroradiological, and clinical data.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration within a Pituitary Tumor Center of Excellence (PTCOE) is crucial for accurate assessment.
  • Improving the definition of "invasive" and "aggressive" pituitary neoplasms is key for clinical management and classification.