Usefulness of Hybrid Magnetoliposomes for Aminoglycoside Antibiotic Residues Determination in Food Using an...

A new microfluidic approach using hybrid magnetoliposomes (h-MLs) containing hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@AuNPs-C12SH) and encapsulated N-acetylcysteine has been developed in this research to determine aminoglycoside antibiotic (AAG) residues in food using o-phthalaldehyde. Four AAGs, kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, and neomycin, have been used as model analytes. The h-MLs have been used for reagent preconcentration and were retained using an external electromagnet device in the reaction/detection zone in a microfluidic system, inserted into the sample chamber of a conventional fluorimeter. The formation of a fluorescent isoindole derivate caused an increase in the luminescence signal, which was proportional to the analyte concentration. The dynamic range of the calibration graph was 0.1-1000 μmol L^-1, expressed as AAG concentration, with an 8.7 nmol L^-1 limit of detection for kanamycin and a sampling frequency of 8 h^-1. The method was applied to determine AAG residues in milk and meat samples with recovery values between 87.2 and 107.4%.