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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Teratogenicity01:07

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus
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Vaccination in Pregnancy.

Marianne Röbl-Mathieu1, Ariane Kunstein, Johannes Liese

  • 1Gynecologist's office, Munich; Member of STIKOGynecologist's office, MunichDepartment of Pediatrics, University Hospital WürzburgInstitute of Virology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm; Member of STIKOWorking Group Vaccination in Pregnancy, German Professional Association of Gynecologists, Munich.

Deutsches Arzteblatt International
|June 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Vaccination during pregnancy offers crucial protection for mothers and newborns against infectious diseases. Maternal immunization is a safe and effective strategy to provide passive immunity to infants until they can develop their own defenses.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Maternal and Child Health
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Pregnancy vaccination protects mothers and newborns from infectious diseases.
  • Review focuses on immunological aspects of infections in pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the safety and efficacy of vaccinations during pregnancy.
  • To highlight recommendations from the German Standing Committee on Vaccinations (STIKO).

Main Methods:

  • Selective literature search on infectious diseases in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of STIKO guidelines and relevant literature.
  • Review of immunological particularities and vaccine effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • Inactivated vaccines for influenza, tetanus, and pertussis are safe and effective during pregnancy.
  • Pertussis vaccination during pregnancy provided 91% protection for infants in the first three months.
  • Maternal immunization confers passive immunity to neonates via antibody transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal immunization is a safe and effective strategy for neonatal passive immune protection.
  • Vertical transmission of maternal antibodies protects newborns against life-threatening infections.
  • Ensuring vaccination in pregnant women and close contacts is vital.