Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
Published on: March 30, 2017
Path-Dependent Supercooling of the ^{3}He Superfluid A-B Transition
Dmytro Lotnyk1, Anna Eyal1,2, Nikolay Zhelev1
1Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Abstract:
We examine the discontinuous first-order superfluid ^{3}He A to B transition in the vicinity of the polycritical point (2.232 mK and 21.22 bar). We find path-dependent transitions: cooling at fixed pressure yields a well-defined transition line in the temperature-pressure plane, but this line can be reliably crossed by depressurizing at nearly constant temperature after transiting T_{c} at a higher pressure. This path dependence is not consistent with any of the standard B-phase nucleation mechanisms in the literature. This symmetry breaking transition is a potential simulator for first order transitions in the early Universe.
Related Concept Videos
Superconductor
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing
Types Of Superconductors
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition
Path Between Thermodynamics States

