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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

4.3K
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

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Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

1.0K
Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
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ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

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An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Confirmation of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Mice Using Surface Pad Electrocardiography
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Confirmation of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Mice Using Surface Pad Electrocardiography

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Changes in High-Frequency Intracardiac Electrogram Indicate Cardiac Ischemia.

Noam Omer1, Elad Bergman2, Tamir Ben-David2

  • 1The Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. noamomer@mail.tau.ac.il.

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research
|June 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-frequency QRS (HFQRS) analysis using intracardiac electrodes (iHFQRS) detects cardiac ischemia (CI) early. This method shows superior sensitivity compared to ST-segment deviations, especially during brief ischemic events.

Keywords:
Cardiac ischemiaElectrogramHigh-frequency ECG

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • High-frequency QRS (HFQRS) analysis of surface ECG is a recognized marker for cardiac ischemia (CI).
  • Conventional ST-segment deviation analysis is widely used but may have limitations in detecting brief ischemic episodes.
  • Intracardiac electrodes offer a direct measurement approach for cardiac electrical signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of intracardiac high-frequency QRS (iHFQRS) signals in detecting cardiac ischemia (CI).
  • To compare the sensitivity and timing of iHFQRS responses against conventional ST-segment deviations during induced CI.
  • To assess iHFQRS as a potential early warning marker for myocardial ischemia.

Main Methods:

  • Implantation of devices with three intracardiac leads in three swine.
  • Induction of cardiac ischemia (CI) via balloon inflation in epicardial coronary arteries.
  • Application of a signal-processing algorithm to quantify iHFQRS content and comparison with ST-segment deviations before, during, and after occlusions.

Main Results:

  • A significant reduction in iHFQRS signal was observed in 85% (33/39) of occlusions.
  • iHFQRS signal changes often preceded ST-segment deviations, indicating earlier detection of CI.
  • iHFQRS served as the sole indicator of CI during brief occlusions, demonstrating superior sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Intracardiac high-frequency QRS (iHFQRS) analysis is an effective early indicator of cardiac ischemia (CI).
  • iHFQRS exhibits enhanced sensitivity compared to conventional ST-segment deviations, particularly in brief ischemic episodes.
  • This technique holds promise for improved monitoring and early detection of myocardial ischemia.