Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management

Pediatric demyelinating syndromes are a spectrum of diseases affecting the central nervous system. In the past decade, major advances have been made in this field, including the discovery of antibody-based biomarkers and treatment guidelines for specific syndromes. When myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies were first discovered, they were thought to be a biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, further research has shown that MOG positivity during the first episode of a pediatric demyelinating syndrome is a predictor of a course that is distinct to MS. This article discusses the clinical manifestations of MOG antibody associated disease and key distinguishing features in the investigation, treatment, and prognosis between MOG and other demyelinating diseases. [.