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Related Concept Videos

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

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Precision medicine in pediatric solid cancers.

Mirjam Blattner-Johnson1, David T W Jones1, Elke Pfaff2

  • 1Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|June 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric cancers remain a major childhood threat. Recent scientific and regulatory shifts are improving access to targeted therapies by addressing tumor uniqueness and industry challenges.

Keywords:
GenomicsPediatric cancerPrecision medicineTargeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Pediatric cancers are a leading cause of childhood death despite treatment advances.
  • Tumor heterogeneity and industry challenges have hindered new targeted therapy development for children.
  • Unique biological features of pediatric tumors differ significantly from adult cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent molecular insights into unique pediatric tumor features.
  • To highlight international initiatives for comprehensive genomic profiling in children.
  • To discuss the future direction of pediatric precision oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on pediatric oncology.
  • Analysis of molecular characteristics of childhood tumors.
  • Examination of regulatory and industry factors affecting pediatric drug development.

Main Results:

  • Identification of unique molecular targets in pediatric cancers.
  • Progress in international collaborations for genomic profiling.
  • Shifting landscape towards personalized medicine in pediatric oncology.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding unique pediatric tumor biology is key to developing novel therapies.
  • Genomic profiling initiatives are crucial for advancing pediatric precision oncology.
  • The field is moving towards more effective and personalized treatments for childhood cancers.