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Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
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Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
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Antidotes01:17

Antidotes

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Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...
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Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

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Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
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Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
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Approach to Toxicologic Emergencies.

Julie E Dechant1

  • 1Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2112 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|June 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Equine toxicologic emergencies require prompt field veterinarian assessment for triage and stabilization. Focus on supporting vital organ functions while awaiting treatment effects or toxicant elimination.

Keywords:
Activated charcoalAntidotesDecontaminationToxicant

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Toxicology
  • Equine Health

Background:

  • Equine toxicologic emergencies, though infrequent, pose significant risks to horse health and survival.
  • Field veterinarians play a crucial role in managing these critical situations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the essential roles and strategies for field veterinarians managing equine toxicologic emergencies.
  • To emphasize effective triage, stabilization, and diagnostic sample collection in equine poisoning cases.

Main Methods:

  • The abstract focuses on the strategic approach to managing equine toxicologic emergencies in the field.
  • Key interventions discussed include triage, patient stabilization, and decontamination.
  • Emphasis is placed on diagnostic sample collection and the limitations of antidotes.

Main Results:

  • Field veterinarians must prioritize immediate triage and stabilization of affected horses.
  • Support of essential organ functions is critical to allow time for treatment or toxicant elimination.
  • Antidotes are often unavailable, making supportive care paramount.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of equine toxicologic emergencies hinges on the field veterinarian's ability to triage and stabilize patients.
  • On-site diagnostic sample collection is vital for confirming diagnoses.
  • Stabilization and supportive care are the cornerstones of treatment when specific antidotes are lacking.