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Women with cardiovascular disease (CVD) attending medically supervised exercise programs (MSEPs) showed better long-term survival than men. This improved survival persisted even with lower initial cardiorespiratory fitness in women.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects both men and women, with women historically exhibiting lower mortality rates.
  • Medically supervised exercise programs (MSEPs) are crucial for CVD management in both sexes.
  • Understanding sex-based differences in MSEP outcomes is vital for personalized patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether women with CVD experience superior survival rates compared to men within a medically supervised exercise program (MSEP).
  • To test the hypothesis that women attending MSEPs have better long-term survival outcomes than men.
  • To analyze sex-specific survival differences in CVD patients undergoing structured exercise rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of data from 2236 men and women enrolled in an MSEP between 1994 and 2018.
  • Inclusion of aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and balance exercises, with cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
  • Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression.

Main Results:

  • Cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death (39%) in both sexes.
  • Women demonstrated a more favorable clinical profile and significantly longer survival compared to men (HR = 0.71).
  • Even after adjusting for baseline cardiorespiratory fitness and age, women with coronary artery disease showed better long-term survival (HR = 0.68).

Conclusions:

  • Long-term survival following participation in an MSEP is better for women than for men.
  • This survival benefit in women was observed despite their lower baseline cardiorespiratory fitness.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind these sex-based differences and to confirm similar benefits for men and women in MSEPs.