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Related Concept Videos

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate01:12

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

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The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
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Brick masonry uses bricks as the building blocks and involves building walls from individual bricks laid in mortar. The basic building block of brick masonry is the wythe, a vertical layer of bricks with a thickness of one brick. Within a wythe, bricks can be laid in various courses or patterns, with the most common being the stretcher course, where bricks are laid with their long edge horizontal and face parallel to the wall.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Insights into an Efficient Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model Protocol
04:11

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Published on: October 27, 2023

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Bonded orthodontic retention: a practical guide.

Robert Kirschen1, Simon J Littlewood2, Anna Blazewska-Amin3

  • 1Retired Specialist in Orthodontics, Reigate, Surrey, UK.

British Dental Journal
|June 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bonded retainers are crucial for preventing tooth movement after orthodontic treatment. Proper planning, material selection, and technique are key to ensuring long-term, predictable fixed retention and minimizing failures.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Materials Science

Background:

  • Post-orthodontic tooth movement is a significant clinical concern.
  • Established open-ended retention strategies necessitate careful planning for bonded retainers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of planning for bonded retention.
  • To discuss principles for minimizing failure rates of bonded retainers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of wire and adhesive options for bonded retainers.
  • Discussion of preparation techniques for wires and teeth.
  • Outline of bonding procedures and retainer design variations.
  • Exploration of problem prevention and repair strategies.

Main Results:

  • Key principles for minimizing bonded retainer failure rates are outlined.
  • Various wire, adhesive, and design options are discussed.
  • Strategies for predictable long-term fixed retention are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Careful planning and execution are essential for successful bonded retention.
  • Understanding material properties and application techniques improves retainer longevity.
  • Proactive problem-solving and repair methods enhance treatment outcomes.