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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

Published on: February 23, 2024

Removable orthodontic retainers: practical considerations.

Esma J Dogramaci¹, Simon J Littlewood²

¹Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Level 10 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Corner of North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. esma.dogramaci@adelaide.edu.au.

British Dental Journal

|June 12, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This article reviews removable orthodontic retainers, covering their history, types, and clinical use. It compares popular options and provides essential guidance on patient care and retainer maintenance.

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Last Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

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Author Spotlight: Insights into an Efficient Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model Protocol

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Area of Science:

Dentistry
Orthodontics
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Removable orthodontic retainers are crucial for maintaining treatment results after active orthodontic correction.
Understanding the evolution and variety of these devices is essential for effective clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of removable orthodontic retainers.
To compare the most commonly used types of removable retainers.
To offer practical guidance on the clinical application and management of these devices.

Main Methods:

Literature review of orthodontic retainer history and types.
Comparative analysis of popular removable retainer designs.
Compilation of clinical protocols for retainer provision and patient instructions.

Main Results:

Detailed historical progression of removable retainer designs.
Comparison of key features, advantages, and disadvantages of leading retainer types.
Standardized protocols for patient consent, clinical fitting, wear, and maintenance.

Conclusions:

Effective selection and management of removable orthodontic retainers are vital for long-term orthodontic success.
This overview equips clinicians with the knowledge to choose and implement appropriate retainer strategies.
Clear patient communication regarding wear and care is paramount for optimal outcomes.