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Mechanical force system of double key loop with finite element analysis.

Jiali Liu1,2, Duanqiang Zhang2, Linyu Xu2

  • 1Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.

BMC Oral Health
|June 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The double key loop (DKL) generates less force than a single key loop, with specific loading types influencing its force and moment ratios. Titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA) loops offer reduced force output compared to stainless steel.

Keywords:
Double key loopFinite element analysisLoop mechanicsM/F ratioOrthodontics

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontic Mechanics
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Finite Element Analysis

Background:

  • The mechanical behavior of the double key loop (DKL) in orthodontics is not fully understood.
  • Finite element analysis is employed to investigate the force system of DKL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the force system of the double key loop (DKL) using finite element analysis.
  • To compare the mechanical properties of DKL made from stainless steel (SS) and titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA).

Main Methods:

  • A 3D finite element model of single and double key loops was created.
  • Simulations of Type-1, Type-2, and Type-3 activations were performed.
  • Vertical force, load/deflection (L/D), and moment/force (M/F) ratios were calculated for SS and TMA loops.

Main Results:

  • DKL produced approximately 40% of the force of a single key loop.
  • Type-3 loading yielded the highest M/F ratio, while Type-2 showed a higher L/D ratio.
  • TMA DKL generated about 40% of the force and moment of SS DKL; M/F ratios were similar for equal preactivation angles.

Conclusions:

  • The moment/force (M/F) ratio is primarily dependent on the preactivation angle, not wire material.
  • DKL's M/F ratio increases with preactivation angle and deactivation.
  • TMA is a suitable alternative to SS for DKL, offering reduced force magnitude.