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Cell/Bacteria-Based Bioactive Materials for Cancer Immune Modulation and Precision Therapy
Hong Pan1, Mingbin Zheng1,2, Aiqing Ma1
1Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Abstract:
Numerous clinical trials for cancer precision medicine research are limited due to the drug resistance, side effects, and low efficacy. Unsatisfactory outcomes are often caused by complex physiologic barriers and abnormal immune events in tumors, such as tumor target alterations and immunosuppression. Cell/bacteria-derived materials with unique bioactive properties have emerged as attractive tools for personalized therapy in cancer. Naturally derived bioactive materials, such as cell and bacterial therapeutic agents with native tropism or good biocompatibility, can precisely target tumors and effectively modulate immune microenvironments to inhibit tumors. Here, the recent advances in the development of cell/bacteria-based bioactive materials for immune modulation and precision therapy in cancer are summarized. Cell/bacterial constituents, including cell membranes, bacterial vesicles, and other active substances have inherited their unique targeting properties and antitumor capabilities. Strategies for engineering living cell/bacteria to overcome complex biological barriers and immunosuppression to promote antitumor efficacy are also summarized. Moreover, past and ongoing trials involving personalized bioactive materials and promising agents such as cell/bacteria-based micro/nano-biorobotics are further discussed, which may become another powerful tool for treatment in the near future.
Insights
Cell and bacteria-derived materials offer promising personalized cancer therapy by targeting tumors and modulating the immune system. These bioactive agents overcome treatment barriers, enhancing efficacy for precision medicine approaches.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Cancer Research
- Immunology
Background:
- Cancer precision medicine faces limitations due to drug resistance, side effects, and low efficacy.
- Tumor complexities like altered targets and immunosuppression hinder treatment outcomes.
- Cell/bacteria-derived materials show potential for personalized cancer therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize recent advances in cell/bacteria-based bioactive materials for cancer immune modulation and precision therapy.
- To review strategies for engineering these materials to overcome biological barriers and immunosuppression.
- To discuss ongoing trials and future prospects of personalized bioactive agents, including biorobotics.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on cell/bacteria-derived bioactive materials for cancer therapy.
- Analysis of strategies for engineering cell/bacteria for enhanced targeting and immune modulation.
- Discussion of clinical trials and emerging agents like cell/bacteria-based micro/nano-biorobotics.
Main Results:
- Cell/bacterial constituents (membranes, vesicles) possess inherent targeting and antitumor properties.
- Engineering strategies can enhance the ability of cell/bacteria to overcome tumor microenvironments.
- Personalized bioactive materials, including biorobotics, show promise for future cancer treatment.
Conclusions:
- Cell/bacteria-derived materials are effective tools for immune modulation and precision cancer therapy.
- Engineering these agents can improve their efficacy against complex tumors.
- Future research into personalized bioactive materials holds significant therapeutic potential.
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