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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

595
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Variability: Analysis01:11

Variability: Analysis

249
Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
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Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
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The Relationship Between Lexical and Phonological Development in French-Speaking Children: A Longitudinal Study.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2020
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Intraword Variability in French-Speaking Monolingual and Bilingual Children.

Margaret M Kehoe1, Emilie Cretton1

  • 1Department of Psycholinguistics, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|June 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study found that intraword variability in French-speaking children is influenced by age, gender, bilingual status, and speech characteristics. Factors like phonological complexity and neighborhood density also play a role in speech sound production.

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Area of Science:

  • Child language acquisition
  • Speech production
  • Linguistic variability

Background:

  • Intraword variability, or inconsistencies in speech sound production within words, is a key area in child speech development.
  • Understanding factors influencing this variability is crucial for identifying typical and atypical speech patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the rate of intraword variability in typically developing French-speaking children.
  • To identify child-specific (age, vocabulary, gender, bilingual status, speech sound ability) and word-specific (phonological complexity, neighborhood density, frequency) predictors of this variability.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a variability test with 25 French words varying in complexity, neighborhood density, and frequency.
  • Recorded three productions of each word from 40 children (aged 2;6-4;8).
  • Assessed expressive vocabulary, speech motor ability, and percent consonants correct; analyzed data using binomial logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Average intraword variability was 29% across all participants.
  • Significant predictors included child's age, gender, bilingual status, speech sound production ability, word's phonological complexity, and phonological neighborhood density (PND).

Conclusions:

  • Intraword variability in French is lower than reported for English, aligning with known phonological differences between the languages.
  • Multiple factors at various speech processing levels contribute to intraword variability in children.