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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.2K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.2K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.3K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Torque Free Motion01:15

Torque Free Motion

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The torque-free motion refers to the movement of a rigid body in space when no external torques are acting upon it. This type of motion can be observed in environments where there are no external forces or frictions, like in outer space. For example, a rotation of Mars in space is a torque-free motion. Mars is an axisymmetric object, meaning it has an axis of symmetry along which it rotates, designated as the z-axis. The rotating frame of reference is defined such that the center of mass of...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
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Interfacial spin-orbit torques.

V P Amin1,2, P M Haney2, M D Stiles2

  • 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Journal of Applied Physics
|June 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interfacial spin-orbit torques are crucial for controlling magnetization dynamics. This review explores their theoretical origins and experimental implications, focusing on symmetry-allowed interfacial effects in nanoscale heterostructures.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Spin-orbit torques (SOTs) are key for electrical control of magnetization in nanomaterials.
  • While SOTs often occur at interfaces, their origins can be in bulk or interfacial layers.
  • Interfacial SOT contributions, though significant, remain less explored than bulk effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review interfacial spin-orbit torques from a semiclassical perspective.
  • To connect theoretical models of interfacial SOTs with experimental findings.
  • To elucidate the relationship between interface transport parameters and SOT mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Semiclassical theoretical framework for interfacial spin-orbit torques.
  • Analysis of charge and spin transport perpendicular and parallel to interfaces.
  • Modeling of magnetoelectronic circuit theory and spin transport in trilayer structures.

Main Results:

  • Interfacial spin-orbit coupling modifies mixing conductance and causes spin memory loss for perpendicular transport.
  • In-plane electric fields induce torques via spin-orbit filtering, spin swapping, and precession.
  • Interfacial processes generate spin currents that can propagate in non-magnetic layers, influencing other magnetic layers in trilayers.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding interfacial SOT mechanisms is vital for optimizing spintronic devices.
  • The semiclassical model provides a unified view of various interfacial SOT phenomena.
  • Interfacial SOTs offer pathways for novel device functionalities, including long-range spin current effects.