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Machines: Problem Solving II

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Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. Consider a lifting tong carrying a 100 kg load. It comprises movable sections DAF and CBG linked together with member AB.

Design Consideration

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Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
The factor of safety is another key...

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Method, Design, and Evaluation of an Exoskeleton for Lifting a Load In Situ.

Xin Li¹, Weihao Li¹, Qiang Li¹

¹School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China.

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

|June 14, 2021

Summary

This study designed an exoskeleton for in situ load lifting, reducing oxygen consumption by 9.45%. The exoskeleton features active upper limb and passive lower limb assistance, optimizing exoskeleton design for specific tasks.

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Application of Design Aspects in Uniaxial Loading Machine Development

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Published on: September 19, 2018

Area of Science:

Robotics
Biomechanics
Human-Machine Interaction

Background:

Exoskeleton design faces challenges due to unclear application scenarios and force analysis, creating a research gap.
Existing research often lacks specificity regarding the intended use and biomechanical demands of exoskeleton systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a design method and realization of an exoskeleton tailored for the specific scenario of in situ load lifting.
To address the research gap by providing a concrete exoskeleton design based on empirical data.

Main Methods:

Collected lifting motion data using a 3-D motion capture and dynamometer treadmill system.
Analyzed joint torque and motion variations to determine assistance modes (active for upper limbs, passive for lower limbs).
Selected and calculated components (hydraulic cylinder, motor, spring) based on analyzed joint requirements.

Main Results:

Developed an exoskeleton with active shoulder and elbow assistance and passive lower limb assistance.
Evaluated the exoskeleton using subjective and objective methods with five participants.
Observed a median reduction of 9.45% in oxygen consumption during load lifting with the exoskeleton compared to unassisted lifting.

Conclusions:

The proposed exoskeleton design method is effective for specific load-lifting scenarios.
The developed exoskeleton successfully reduces physiological load (oxygen consumption) during in situ lifting tasks.
This study provides a validated approach for designing task-specific exoskeletons.