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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Reactions01:19

Chemical Reactions

A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them into different...
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations02:05

Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

Being able to calculate equilibrium concentrations is essential to many areas of science and technology—for example, in the formulation and dosing of pharmaceutical products. After a drug is ingested or injected, it is typically involved in several chemical equilibria that affect its ultimate concentration in the body system of interest. Knowledge of the quantitative aspects of these equilibria is required to compute a dosage amount that will solicit the desired therapeutic effect.
A more...
The Small x Assumption02:20

The Small x Assumption

If a reaction has a small equilibrium constant, the equilibrium position favors the reactants. In such reactions, a negligible change in concentration may occur if the initial concentrations of reactants are high and the Kc value is small. In such circumstances, the equilibrium concentration is approximately equal to its initial concentration. This estimation can be used to simplify the equilibrium calculations by assuming that some equilibrium concentrations are equal to the initial...
Chemical Reactions02:26

Chemical Reactions

A balanced chemical equation provides the information of chemical formulas of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change. A reaction’s stoichiometry helps predict how much of the reactant is needed to produce the desired amount of product, or in some cases, how much product will be formed from a specific amount of the reactant.
The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in...
Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System01:29

Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System

The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Novel 3D/VR Interactive Environment for MD Simulations, Visualization and Analysis
11:29

Novel 3D/VR Interactive Environment for MD Simulations, Visualization and Analysis

Published on: December 18, 2014

Computational chemistry experiments performed directly on a blockchain virtual computer.

Magnus W D Hanson-Heine1, Alexander P Ashmore2

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK magnus.hansonheine@nottingham.ac.uk.

Chemical Science
|June 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computational chemistry simulations are now feasible on blockchain virtual machines, enhancing data transparency and reproducibility for scientific findings. This innovation addresses concerns about the reliability of computational studies.

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Interactive and Visualized Online Experimentation System for Engineering Education and Research

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Blockchain Technology
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Scientific reproducibility is a growing concern, particularly for computational studies.
  • Blockchain offers enhanced transparency, immutability, and reproducibility for data management.
  • Existing computational methods face challenges in ensuring verifiable results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility of running computational chemistry simulations directly on a blockchain.
  • To explore blockchain's potential for improving transparency and reproducibility in scientific computing.
  • To address the reproducibility crisis in computational science.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and executed a computational chemistry simulation on a blockchain virtual machine.
  • Utilized a harmonic potential model to simulate carbon monoxide vibrations.
  • Leveraged blockchain's inherent properties for data integrity and execution verification.

Main Results:

  • Successfully performed computational science calculations entirely within a blockchain environment.
  • Demonstrated that blockchain technology can host complex scientific simulations.
  • Validated the simulation's results against established computational chemistry principles.

Conclusions:

  • Computational science calculations are feasible on blockchain virtual machines.
  • Blockchain technology can significantly enhance transparency and accessibility in computational science.
  • This approach offers a novel solution to improve the trustworthiness of scientific findings.