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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

A Blood-based Test for the Detection of ROS1 and RET Fusion Transcripts from Circulating Ribonucleic Acid Using Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction
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ROS1 Targeted Therapies: Current Status.

Christine M Azelby1, Mandy R Sakamoto1, Daniel W Bowles2,3

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado, AU, USA.

Current Oncology Reports
|June 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ROS1 inhibitors effectively treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with ROS1 alterations. Four FDA-approved drugs show high response rates, manageable side effects, and some offer brain penetration for metastatic disease.

Keywords:
Molecular driversNon-small cell lung cancerROS1Targeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Molecular drivers are key therapeutic targets in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  • ROS1 alterations represent rare but actionable molecular drivers in NSCLC.
  • Targeted therapies have revolutionized NSCLC treatment paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of ROS1 inhibitors in treating relapsed or metastatic ROS1-altered (ROS1+) NSCLC.
  • To summarize the efficacy and safety of currently available ROS1-targeted therapies.
  • To discuss emerging agents for overcoming treatment resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical trials and studies on ROS1 inhibitors in NSCLC.
  • Analysis of data on drug efficacy, response rates, and toxicity profiles.
  • Synthesis of information on intracranial activity and resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Four FDA-approved drugs (crizotinib, ciritinib, lorlatinib, entrectinib) demonstrate significant activity against ROS1+ NSCLC.
  • Overall response rates exceed 60% for these agents.
  • Ciritinib, lorlatinib, and entrectinib exhibit notable intracranial activity, crucial for treating brain metastases.
  • These therapies generally have manageable toxicity profiles.
  • Ongoing research is identifying new agents to address resistance mutations.

Conclusions:

  • ROS1 inhibitors offer a highly effective treatment strategy for patients with ROS1+ NSCLC.
  • Current therapies provide durable responses and acceptable safety.
  • The development of novel agents promises to expand treatment options for resistant disease.