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The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has spread globally. Research is ongoing for effective antiviral treatments against this novel coronavirus, but none are currently available.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019 and rapidly became a global pandemic.
  • The virus is believed to have a zoonotic origin, likely originating from bats with an intermediate host.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infects the human respiratory system by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the main characteristics of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To describe the virus's replicative cycle and potential origin.
  • To summarize advances in the development of antiviral treatments for COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles on SARS-CoV-2.
  • Analysis of virological and epidemiological data.
  • Compilation of information on proposed and experimental antiviral therapies.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus with a positive single-stranded RNA genome.
  • While several molecules have been proposed, no sufficiently effective drug for COVID-19 treatment is currently available.
  • Research into pharmacological treatments is crucial due to the unprecedented impact of this coronavirus.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 characteristics and replication is key to developing treatments.
  • The urgent need for effective antiviral therapies remains a significant global health challenge.
  • Continued research into novel therapeutic strategies is essential to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.