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Related Concept Videos

Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

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Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Cultivate Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells from Children and Reprogram into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Recurrent epistaxis in children.

Tyler Yan, Ran D Goldman

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |June 15, 2021
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Recurrent nosebleeds in children are common, with most cases benign. Nasal hydration effectively treats many cases, while bleeding questionnaires help identify children needing further hematologic testing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Otolaryngology
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Epistaxis (nosebleeds) affects over 50% of children by age 10.
    • Recurrent epistaxis occurs in approximately 9% of pediatric patients.
    • Most childhood epistaxis cases are benign and do not necessitate extensive medical workup.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review safe and effective interventions for recurrent epistaxis in children.
    • To identify criteria for recommending hematologic testing in pediatric patients with recurrent epistaxis.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of pediatric epistaxis interventions.
    • Analysis of diagnostic utility of standardized bleeding questionnaires.
    • Evaluation of historical features for guiding hematologic testing decisions.

    Main Results:

    • Nasal mucosal hydration (emollients, humidification) resolves up to 65% of epistaxis cases.
    • Novel interventions show promise in initial studies.
    • Standardized bleeding questionnaires aid in determining the need for coagulation studies based on bleeding characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • Nasal hydration is a primary effective intervention for pediatric epistaxis.
    • Careful assessment using bleeding history is crucial for selecting patients requiring hematologic evaluation.