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Related Concept Videos

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane01:12

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

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Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
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Structure of Porins01:21

Structure of Porins

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Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and gram-negative bacteria have transmembrane, beta-barrel proteins called porins to mediate the free diffusion of ions and metabolites across the membrane. Mitochondrial porin precursors contain conserved amino acid sequences called beta signals at their C-terminal. Beta signals have a  motif of PoXGXXHyXHy (Po-Polar, X-Any amino acid, G-Glycine, Hy-LargeHydrophobic), which are crucial for precursor recognition to initiate precursor assembly. Beta-barrel...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
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Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments01:35

Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments

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Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs.
Keratin proteins, found at the cell periphery near cell junctions, undergo a cycle of assembly and disassembly. In Type...
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Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

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The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

A Cell Free Assay to Study Chromatin Decondensation at the End of Mitosis
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A Cell Free Assay to Study Chromatin Decondensation at the End of Mitosis

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Inherited nuclear pore substructures template post-mitotic pore assembly.

Yi-Ying Chou1, Srigokul Upadhyayula2, Justin Houser3

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Developmental Cell
|June 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) reassemble rapidly after cell division. Key NPC subassemblies are conserved through mitosis, templating new pore formation and ensuring cell communication.

Keywords:
FIB-SEMcell divisionendoplasmic reticuluminheritancelattice light-sheet microscopylive cell imagingmitosisnuclear envelopenuclear pore complexspinning disk confocal microscopy

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Last Updated: Nov 2, 2025

A Cell Free Assay to Study Chromatin Decondensation at the End of Mitosis
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Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nuclear envelope reassembly requires rapid formation of thousands of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) post-mitosis.
  • Efficient reuse of nucleoporins (NUPs) is critical for immediate nucleocytoplasmic transport in daughter cells.
  • Understanding NPC assembly mechanisms is key to cell division and nuclear function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fate of NPC components during mitosis.
  • To determine if pre-existing NPC subassemblies are reused for post-mitotic NPC formation.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of NPC inheritance across cell divisions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of octameric subassemblies of nuclear pore rings.
  • Tracking NPC components within the mitotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
  • Observing NPC assembly during post-mitotic pore formation across multiple cell divisions.

Main Results:

  • Octameric subassemblies of outer and inner nuclear pore rings remain intact in the mitotic ER after NPC disassembly.
  • These stable subassemblies are incorporated into new NPCs during post-mitotic assembly.
  • The conserved subassemblies persist through multiple cell division cycles.

Conclusions:

  • NPC subassemblies are inherited across cell divisions, templating post-mitotic NPC assembly.
  • This inheritance mechanism differs from de novo NPC formation during interphase.
  • A potential modification may 'immortalize' specific subcomplex components for templating.