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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Use of a Central Venous Line for Fluids, Drugs and Nutrient Administration in a Mouse Model of Critical Illness
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Micronutrient deficiencies in critical illness.

W A C Koekkoek1, K Hettinga2, J H M de Vries2

  • 1Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP, Ede, the Netherlands.

Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|June 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Critically ill patients have lower levels of key micronutrients like selenium, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E upon ICU admission. These levels fluctuate during ICU stay, indicating a need for further research into optimal supplementation strategies.

Keywords:
SeleniumThiamineTrace elementsVitamin B(6)Vitamin CVitamins

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Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics
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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Low micronutrient levels are common in critical illness and may worsen oxidative stress.
  • It is unclear if critically ill patients have lower micronutrient levels than healthy individuals.
  • The dynamic changes in micronutrient levels during ICU admission without supplementation are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare micronutrient concentrations in critically ill patients versus healthy controls at ICU admission.
  • To investigate the changes in micronutrient levels during the first week of ICU admission.
  • To explore associations between micronutrient levels, illness severity, inflammation, and nutrient intake.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of adult critically ill patients and age-matched healthy controls.
  • Repeated measurement of serum selenium, beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, B1, and B6 during the first week in the ICU.
  • Comparison of micronutrient levels between groups and correlation with clinical parameters.

Main Results:

  • ICU patients had significantly lower admission levels of selenium, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E compared to controls.
  • Vitamin C levels decreased significantly in the first five days, while beta-carotene and vitamin E levels increased after 5-7 days.
  • Micronutrient levels showed no significant association with illness severity, CRP, or nutrient intake.

Conclusions:

  • Critically ill patients present with deficiencies in several key micronutrients upon ICU admission.
  • Micronutrient levels exhibit dynamic changes during ICU stay, with some increasing despite standard care.
  • Enteral nutrition alone did not normalize micronutrient levels within the first week, suggesting a need for further investigation.