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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
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Heart rate variability and chronotype - a systematic review.

Kirsi Honkalampi1, Susanna Järvelin-Pasanen2, Mika P Tarvainen3,4

  • 1School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Philosophical Faculty, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.

Chronobiology International
|June 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This review found that chronotype, or your natural sleep-wake preference, is linked to heart rate variability (HRV). Evening types show reduced HRV during morning tasks compared to morning types.

Keywords:
Chronotypecircadian rhythmseveningnessheart rateheart rate variabilitymorningness

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Chronobiology
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Limited research exists on the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and chronotype (morningness/eveningness).
  • Understanding this association is crucial for optimizing health and well-being based on individual circadian rhythms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and examine the association between chronotype, HRV, mood, and stress response.
  • To synthesize current evidence on how morningness and eveningness influence physiological and psychological parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, etc.) for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2000 and June 2020.
  • Inclusion of 11 studies (7 experimental, 4 crossover) assessing HRV (time-domain, frequency-domain) and chronotype (MEQ, MCTQ) in diverse populations.
  • Analysis of findings related to HRV, chronotype, mood, and stress responses in various contexts like shiftwork, stress, exercise, and sleep deprivation.

Main Results:

  • Chronotype is associated with HRV, though findings are context-dependent and sometimes contradictory.
  • Evening types (E-types) demonstrated decreased HRV and impaired HRV recovery during morning or daytime tasks compared to morning types (M-types).
  • Some studies indicated performance differences, with E-types excelling in evening/night tasks and M-types in morning activities.

Conclusions:

  • The association between chronotype and HRV is evident but requires further investigation due to methodological limitations (e.g., small sample sizes).
  • Future research should employ longitudinal designs to better understand the chronotype-HRV relationship.
  • Personalized strategies leveraging chronotype could enhance the health and well-being of both M-type and E-type individuals.