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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...
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Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
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Adenosine deaminase negative pleural tuberculosis: a case report.

Zachary H Boggs1, Scott Heysell2, Joshua Eby2

  • 1University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA. zb3ca@virginia.edu.

BMC Infectious Diseases
|June 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A negative pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) test did not rule out tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) in one patient. This highlights the need for definitive tests when suspicion for TPE is high.

Keywords:
Adenosine deaminaseCase reportIGRAPleural effusionTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a widely used biomarker for diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE).
  • ADA testing offers a significant negative predictive value in diagnosing TPE.

Observation:

  • A case report details a patient with culture-positive and biopsy-proven Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • This patient presented with a negative pleural fluid ADA level.

Findings:

  • A negative pleural fluid ADA level can occur in confirmed cases of tuberculous pleural effusion.
  • Diagnostic certainty for TPE requires consideration of clinical suspicion alongside biomarker results.

Implications:

  • Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for TPE even with negative ADA results.
  • Further research is needed to identify more sensitive and specific biomarkers for TPE diagnosis.