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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors: current status.

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used in cancer care. Understanding their unique effects, including potentially severe immune-related adverse effects (IrAEs), is crucial for all clinicians.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a rapidly expanding class of anticancer therapies.
  • Oncology and palliative care clinicians, along with generalists, will encounter more patients on or post-ICI treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of ICIs for non-specialists.
  • To focus on the recognition and management of immune-related adverse effects (IrAEs).

Main Methods:

  • Literature search to inform the overview.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on ICI therapy.

Main Results:

  • ICIs have unique response patterns and potential toxicities.
  • Immune-related adverse effects (IrAEs) can be diverse and severe.
  • IrAEs may manifest late, even years after treatment cessation.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal patient care requires understanding ICI mechanisms and potential adverse events.
  • Clinicians must be vigilant for IrAEs, which can be life-threatening and delayed.