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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

fMRI Validation of fNIRS Measurements During a Naturalistic Task

fMRI Validation of fNIRS Measurements During a Naturalistic Task

Published on: June 15, 2015

Measurement of stretch-evoked brainstem function using fMRI.

Andrea Zonnino¹, Andria J Farrens¹, David Ress²

¹Human Robotics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.

Scientific Reports

|June 16, 2021

Summary

Researchers developed StretchfMRI, a new method to measure brainstem motor control via long latency responses (LLRs). This technique reveals the specific brainstem organization of muscle activity during LLRs in humans.

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Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks

Published on: December 5, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Control
Human Physiology

Background:

Reticulospinal tract (RST) motor function organization in humans is poorly understood due to limited measurement techniques.
Behavioral studies implicate the RST in long latency responses (LLRs).

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce StretchfMRI, a novel technique for measuring RST function in humans.
To investigate the muscle-specific organization of brainstem activity during stretch-evoked LLRs.

Main Methods:

StretchfMRI combines robotic limb perturbations, electromyography (EMG), and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).
This method simultaneously quantifies muscle and neural activity during LLRs without compromising reliability.

Main Results:

The study established the muscle-specific organization of LLR activity within the human brainstem.
LLR organization showed partial consistency with animal models, with distinct patterns for flexors (ipsilateral medulla) and extensors (contralateral pons).
Additional activity was observed in the midbrain and bilateral pontomedullary regions.

Conclusions:

StretchfMRI provides a reliable method to study human RST function.
The findings offer new insights into the brainstem's role in motor control and LLRs.