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Environment driven oscillation in an off-lattice May-Leonard model.

D Bazeia1, M J B Ferreira2, B F de Oliveira2

  • 1Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil.

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Environmental conditions significantly impact biodiversity. A modified May-Leonard model shows that benign environments promote spiraling patterns and population oscillations, highlighting the environment

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Theoretical Ecology

Background:

  • Cyclic dominance is a hypothesis explaining biodiversity by preventing single-species victory.
  • May-Leonard models mathematically describe non-transitive interactions in spatial systems, often showing spiral patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how environmental conditions affect cyclic dominance and spatial patterns in competing species.
  • To explore an off-lattice May-Leonard model with a variable carrying capacity.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an off-lattice version of the May-Leonard model.
  • Introduced a local carrying capacity parameter to gradually alter environmental conditions.
  • Analyzed the emergence and characteristics of spiraling patterns and population dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Rotating spiral patterns, characteristic of cyclic dominance, are prominent in benign environments with high population density.
  • Time-dependent population oscillations were observed, with amplitude and frequency scaling with the environmental parameter.
  • Model results align with previous metapopulation model analyses.

Conclusions:

  • Non-transitive interactions alone are insufficient to maintain biodiversity.
  • Environmental state, influencing general living conditions, plays a crucial role in the evolution of biodiversity in competing species systems.