Metabolomic Applications in Stem Cell Research: a Review

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Cell Biology
• Metabolomics

Background:

• The application of metabolomics in stem cell (SC) research has significantly expanded.
• Recent advancements focus on understanding SC characteristics and function, excluding cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the methodologies and applications of metabolomics in stem cell research over the past five years.
• To highlight the role of metabolomics in elucidating SC behavior and identifying potential biomarkers.

Main Methods:

• Utilizes untargeted and targeted metabolomics, including mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
• Employs multivariate and pathway analysis, isotope tracing, and single-cell microscopy.
• Analyzes both intracellular (endo) and extracellular (exo) metabolomes, including lipids and polar metabolites.

Main Results:

• Investigates the metabolic impacts of different tissue sources, donor variations, and differentiation conditions.
• Explores the influence of 3D culture, mechanical cues, and media enrichment on SC differentiation.
• Demonstrates the utility of metabolomics in understanding mesenchymal, pluripotent, and neural stem cells.

Conclusions:

• Metabolomics provides a deep understanding of stem cell behavior and function.
• This approach holds significant promise for discovering novel biomarkers with potential for clinical translation.