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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Recording Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalizations to Evaluate Social Communication

Recording Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalizations to Evaluate Social Communication

Published on: June 5, 2016

DLX5/6 GABAergic Expression Affects Social Vocalization: Implications for Human Evolution.

Giovanni Levi¹, Camille de Lombares¹, Cristina Giuliani²

¹Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, CNRS UMR7221, Département AVIV, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.

Molecular Biology and Evolution

|June 16, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Deletion of DLX5/6 genes in mice increases lifespan and enhances vocalization and sociability. A Neanderthal haplotype of DLX5/6 in humans is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders and underrepresented in centenarians, suggesting a role in human evolution.

Keywords:

DLX5/6 genes aging human evolution self-domestication social behavior ultrasonic vocalization

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Evolutionary Biology
Genetics

Background:

DLX5 and DLX6 are transcription factors crucial for brain development and GABAergic neuron differentiation.
The DLX5/6 locus is regulated by FoxP2, a gene implicated in language evolution and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Targeted inactivation of Dlx5/6 in mouse GABAergic neurons (Dlx5/6VgatCre) leads to increased lifespan and altered phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the behavioral and vocalization phenotypes of Dlx5/6VgatCre mice.
To explore the role of DLX5/6 in human evolution, self-domestication, and longevity.
To analyze the evolutionary history of the DLX5/6 locus in humans and Neanderthals.

Main Methods:

Generation and behavioral analysis of Dlx5/6VgatCre mice, including vocalization recording and social interaction tests.
Comparative genomic analysis of DLX5/6 regions in modern humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans.
Genotyping of human populations to identify Neanderthal introgression and association studies with longevity.

Main Results:

Dlx5/6VgatCre mice exhibit significantly increased vocalizations (higher quantity and complexity) and hyper-socialization.
A Neanderthal-introgressed haplotype (DLX5/6-N-Haplotype) in modern humans contains regulatory elements and is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.
The DLX5/6-N-Haplotype is underrepresented in semi-supercentenarians, suggesting a link to aging and longevity.

Conclusions:

DLX5/6 plays a significant role in regulating vocalization and social behavior, with implications for neurodevelopment.
The DLX5/6-N-Haplotype represents a Neanderthal contribution to human evolution potentially influencing sociability, speech, and longevity.
These findings suggest a coevolutionary link between DLX5/6, human social behavior, language, and lifespan.