Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

3.0K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
3.0K
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

6.9K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
6.9K
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

4.1K
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
4.1K
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

3.6K
All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
3.6K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

5.4K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
5.4K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

854
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
854

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

KLF4 Promotes a KRT13+ Hillock-Like State in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Cancer research·2026
Same author

Tumor-Derived Complement C3 Overexpression in STK11-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Drives Tumor Growth and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Resistance.

Cancer immunology research·2026
Same author

A tumor-binding antibody with cross-reactivity to viral antigens.

Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII·2025
Same author

Complement regulators as novel targets for anti-cancer therapy: A comprehensive review.

Seminars in immunology·2025
Same author

Complement factor H targeting antibody GT103 in refractory non-small cell lung cancer: a phase 1b dose escalation trial.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Promotion of an Antitumor Immune Program by a Tumor-specific, Complement-activating Antibody.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes
09:43

Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes

Published on: January 9, 2012

100.0K

Complement factor H protects tumor cell-derived exosomes from complement-dependent lysis and phagocytosis.

Ryan T Bushey1, Elizabeth B Gottlin1, Michael J Campa1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.

Plos One
|June 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Complement factor H (CFH) protects tumor exosomes from immune destruction. Targeting CFH on exosomes with an antibody can trigger their destruction by innate immune mechanisms, potentially inhibiting tumor metastasis.

More Related Videos

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells
08:02

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells

Published on: September 23, 2021

2.8K
Using Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Scattering and Low-Magnification Microscope Imaging to Quantify Tumor-Derived Exosomes
09:30

Using Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Scattering and Low-Magnification Microscope Imaging to Quantify Tumor-Derived Exosomes

Published on: May 24, 2019

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes
09:43

Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes

Published on: January 9, 2012

100.0K
In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells
08:02

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells

Published on: September 23, 2021

2.8K
Using Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Scattering and Low-Magnification Microscope Imaging to Quantify Tumor-Derived Exosomes
09:30

Using Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Scattering and Low-Magnification Microscope Imaging to Quantify Tumor-Derived Exosomes

Published on: May 24, 2019

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Extracellular Vesicles Biology

Background:

  • Exosomes (extracellular vesicles) mediate intercellular communication but are exploited by tumors for oncogenesis and metastasis.
  • Complement factor H (CFH) is a host protector against complement-dependent cytotoxicity.
  • Tumor-derived exosomes play a critical role in promoting cancer progression and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CFH in protecting tumor-derived exosomes from immune surveillance.
  • To determine if targeting CFH on exosomes can lead to their destruction via innate immune mechanisms.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of anti-CFH antibodies in combating exosome-mediated tumor metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Association of CFH with extracellular vesicles (EVs) from tumor cell lines and patient plasma was analyzed.
  • Exosomes were purified using CD63 beads.
  • The effect of a CFH-targeting antibody (GT103) on exosome lysis and phagocytosis was assessed.

Main Results:

  • CFH was found on EVs from various tumor cell lines and patient plasma, correlating with metastatic potential.
  • The anti-CFH antibody GT103 induced lysis of tumor exosomes via the classical complement pathway.
  • GT103 also triggered antibody-dependent phagocytosis of exosomes by macrophages.

Conclusions:

  • CFH expressed on tumor-derived exosomes protects them from complement-mediated lysis and phagocytosis.
  • An anti-CFH antibody can target these exosomes for destruction through innate immune responses.
  • Therapeutic targeting of CFH on exosomes may offer a novel strategy to inhibit tumor progression and metastasis.