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Stress in obstructive sleep apnea.

Jasmine L Wong1, Fernando Martinez1, Andrea P Aguila1

  • 1UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, 700 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

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|June 17, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience higher psychological stress, anxiety, and depression than healthy individuals. Stress levels in OSA are closely linked to anxiety and depressive symptoms, suggesting stress reduction as a potential intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Psychology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is frequently associated with psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety.
  • Psychological stress is a related but less characterized symptom in OSA patients.
  • Understanding stress in OSA is crucial for comprehensive mental health management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize psychological stress in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • To examine the relationship between perceived stress and other psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression) and excessive daytime sleepiness in OSA.
  • To compare stress levels between untreated OSA patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cross-sectional study involving 103 participants (44 untreated OSA, 57 healthy controls).
  • Standardized questionnaires were used to measure perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale; PSS), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder; GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9), and sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale; ESS).
  • Independent samples t-tests and correlation analyses were employed to compare groups and assess relationships between variables.

Main Results:

  • Participants with untreated OSA reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress (PSS), anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), and excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS) compared to healthy controls.
  • Perceived stress (PSS) showed strong positive correlations with anxiety (GAD-7) and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) across both groups.
  • While males with OSA showed significant differences across all measured psychological symptoms compared to controls, females only exhibited significant differences in PHQ-9 and ESS, not PSS or GAD-7.

Conclusions:

  • Perceived stress is elevated in individuals with untreated obstructive sleep apnea and is strongly associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms.
  • The findings suggest that stress reduction interventions may be a valuable therapeutic target for improving the mental well-being of OSA patients.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the efficacy of stress-reduction strategies in the OSA population.