Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Retina

The Retina

The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Structural MRI Biomarkers of Intracranial Pressure in IIH: Linking Optic Nerve Sheath, Pituitary Morphology, and Hormonal Changes.

Clinical neuroradiology·2026

Same author

[Ophthalmological care of patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome].

Die Ophthalmologie·2025

Same author

Orbital Floor Fractures in Germany: Interdisciplinary Care without a Uniform Standard - Results of a Multicentre Survey.

Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde·2025

Same author

Vision Restoration through transorbital electrical stimulation in Optic Neuropathy in patients with significant optic atrophy due to primary open-angle glaucoma-a randomised, controlled, double-blind, multicentre clinical trial: the VIRON study protocol.

BMJ open·2025

Same author

Depressive symptoms and quality of life in patients with benign essential blepharospasm under long-term therapy with botulinum toxin.

Acta neurologica Belgica·2024

Same author

[Injection of botulinum toxin in a neonate with congenital entropion and corneal ulcer].

Die Ophthalmologie·2024

Same journal

Peripheral B-cell receptor repertoire predicts immune-related adverse events following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Effects of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae zoocompost on the mineral element content of blue honeysuckle berries.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Investigation on absorption refrigeration performance of R1243zf with imidazolium ionic liquid as the working pairs.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

DeepTriage-CN: integrating clinical text with vital signs for emergency department admission prediction in an aging population.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Gold nanoparticles as dual-action antiviral agents: disruption of SARS-CoV-2 viral envelopes and RNA integrity.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Comparison of capillary microsampling and venous blood for multi-pathogen serosurveillance.

Scientific reports·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Smartphone Fundus Photography

Smartphone Fundus Photography

Published on: July 6, 2017

Learning curve evaluation upskilling retinal imaging using smartphones.

Linus G Jansen¹, Payal Shah², Bettina Wabbels¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.

Scientific Reports

|June 17, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) training is effective for healthcare workers, enabling comparable image quality to ophthalmologists. This low-cost screening method is ideal for resource-limited settings.

More Related Videos

$Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening$

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment

Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment

Published on: March 24, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Smartphone Fundus Photography

Smartphone Fundus Photography

Published on: July 6, 2017

$Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening$

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment

Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment

Published on: March 24, 2020

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Medical Technology
Public Health

Background:

Smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) offers a cost-effective solution for ophthalmic disease screening, particularly in underserved regions.
Upskilling alternative healthcare cadres in SBFI is crucial for expanding access to eye care.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of standardized training for ophthalmic assistants and ophthalmologists in SBFI.
To compare the quality of fundus images obtained by trained ophthalmic assistants and ophthalmologists.

Main Methods:

A standardized training program for SBFI using a specific device (Heine iC2 with iPhone 6) was administered.
Thirty examiners (14 ophthalmic assistants, 16 ophthalmologists) underwent 10 training sessions for capturing central retinal images.
Key metrics analyzed included examination time, image alignment, usable field-of-view, and image quality (sharpness, focus, artifacts, illumination).

Main Results:

Training significantly improved examination time, usable field-of-view, and image sharpness/focus.
While ophthalmologists achieved faster examination times, both cadres demonstrated comparable usable field-of-view and image quality after training.
The mean examination time decreased substantially from the first to the tenth training session for all participants.

Conclusions:

SBFI exhibits high learnability, with a short training period yielding significant improvements in image acquisition.
Comparable image quality between ophthalmic assistants and ophthalmologists suggests SBFI can be effectively implemented across different healthcare cadres.
These findings support the integration of SBFI into broader ophthalmic screening programs, especially in resource-limited settings.